XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) is a non-destructive testing method used to analyse the elemental composition of gold and other metals using controlled X-ray energy. In gold loan valuation, XRF machines generate a purity report showing the proportion of gold, silver, copper and other metals present in jewellery. The purity assessment may form part of the valuation process used by regulated lenders while assessing eligible pledged gold jewellery, subject to internal policies and applicable RBI guidelines.

A Force Majeure Gold Loan situation refers to circumstances where a natural disaster or other unforeseen event temporarily disrupts operations connected to a gold loan. RBI directions require regulated lenders to maintain custody controls, insurance arrangements, valuation transparency, and borrower communication standards relating to pledged gold held in their custody. The lender’s obligations during such events are governed by applicable contractual terms, regulatory requirements, and provisions of Indian law.

A gold loan collateral protection policy refers to the safeguards, storage procedures, insurance arrangements, and borrower protection measures followed when gold is pledged as collateral. If pledged gold is found damaged while in the lender’s custody, the matter is generally assessed based on custody records, insurance coverage, contractual terms, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

APR or Annual Percentage Rate is the total annual borrowing cost expressed as a percentage of the loan amount. Unlike the nominal interest rate, APR includes interest charges together with applicable upfront fees such as processing charges, valuation fees, and certain administrative costs. Under RBI-aligned disclosure requirements, regulated lenders are generally expected to disclose APR through the Key Fact Statement (KFS) for applicable loan products to support transparent borrower comparison.

IBJA (India Bullion and Jewellers Association) is a recognised bullion trade body that publishes benchmark gold rates used across India’s lending and jewellery sectors. Under applicable rbi gold loan valuation frameworks, regulated lenders commonly use IBJA-linked benchmark pricing while calculating eligible gold loan amounts and applicable gold loan ltv limits in accordance with prevailing RBI guidelines and internal lending policy. 

Starting a business in refurbished medical devices in India involves regulatory registration, equipment sourcing, biomedical testing, quality inspection, and working-capital planning. Businesses operating in the medical equipment trade segment generally procure equipment from hospital surplus channels, refurbishment partners, and institutional liquidation sales before reselling to healthcare facilities seeking lower acquisition cost compared to new equipment.

ECGC export credit insurance helps Indian exporters manage the risk of non-payment by overseas buyers. Depending on the policy type and applicable terms, ECGC cover can protect exporters against commercial and political risks arising during international trade. Many lenders may consider insured export receivables as one of several factors when evaluating export finance and working capital applications. Financing decisions remain subject to lender policies, borrower assessment, and applicable eligibility criteria.

PMMSY provides 60% to 75% capital subsidy for aquaculture projects in Lakshadweep, covering deep-sea tuna fishing vessels, seaweed cultivation clusters, and ornamental fish breeding units. The remaining 25% to 40% is the applicant's margin money, which can be financed through institutional credit.

Conventional industries like Bell Metal, Coir, Bamboo Arts & Crafts, etc., still provide livelihood to numerous people of Kerala. But there are many problems faced by artisans, like old and dilapidated infrastructure, lack of modern technology, design limitations, and market outreach problems. In order to solve these problems, SFURTI (Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries) was started by the Government of India as a Cluster Development Scheme under the Ministry of MSME.

The PM Vishwakarma Yojana is a Government of India scheme designed to support traditional artisans, including stone carvers, woodworkers, and other notified trades in Nagaland. Eligible beneficiaries may access skill training, a toolkit incentive of up to Rs 15,000, and collateral‑free credit support up to Rs 3 lakh at concessional interest rates, subject to scheme guidelines and eligibility criteria.